Data SGP and Its Uses in School and District Accountability
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SGPs are calculated based on comparisons of students with similar score histories and determine relative performance. As such, a student’s academic peers can differ by assessment year and subject area. For example, two students with identical MCAS scaled scores and score history could have different SGPs because they likely have different academic peer groups. This means that differences in SGPs across years should be interpreted with caution.
In order to make meaningful comparisons, it is necessary for students to have comparable starting scores and grade levels. For example, if a sixth-grade student scored 370 on the state English language arts (ELA) assessment this year, but scored 300 on the ELA assessment in fifth grade, it would be difficult to compare their growth. SGPs address this issue by comparing students based on their growth from the same starting score.
Using SGPs and other performance data in a district’s accountability system requires familiarity with the SGP distribution and the process of developing and applying value-added models. To assist districts in understanding these concepts, Wisconsin Education Research Institute has developed a set of guides to SGPs and their uses in school and district accountability.
The SGP guide to performance measures provides an overview of the SGP data available to districts and highlights some key questions about the meaning and interpretation of the data. This guide also includes links to additional resources on the district and school performance data website.
To better understand the structure of the SGP data, it is useful to view an example of a complete set of student growth graphs from a single high school. These graphs are displayed in the “Growth Dashboard” on the Wisconsin Education Research Institute’s website.
The first column in the graph is labeled ID, and provides a unique identifier for each student’s test record. The remaining columns, SS_2013, SS_2014, SS_2015, and SS_2016 provide the student’s scaled scores from each of the five most recent assessment years. The graph also displays the teacher associated with each student’s score record by displaying the instructor number in each row. Teachers can have multiple students associated with their test record, and each student will be assigned to multiple instructors over the course of their career. This is why the data set sgpData_INSTRUCTOR_NUMBER is provided in addition to the sgpData tables. This allows users to view the full range of data associated with a specific student over time.